LESSON 9. CATEGORIES OF VERB FORMS-A NEW APPROACH BY V.MAHENDIRAN

NEW POST FROM V.MAHENDIRAN THE DIRECTOR - MIMSE GLOBAL ENGLISH NAGAPATTINAM

LESSON 9CATEGORIES OF VERB FORMS

[Author: V.Mahendiran, Professor in English, The director,

MIMSE GLOBAL ENGLISH Nagapattinam. Mobile 9842490745]

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ABSTRACT

Verb is well known that a word which gives an action to a sentence and every verb functions as four forms such as present form, past form, past participle form and present participle form.

Based on the variation of spelling of forms, in my approach, verbs are categorized as five types than two types what world English pattern says. Let’s go ahead to Introduction to gather more.

INTRODUCTION 

Verbs are categorized as weak and strong (or) regular and irregular based on variation in spelling of verb forms in academic pattern probably worldwide. Being similar in spelling past form and past participle form particularly ending as ‘ …ed ‘ is known as weak or regular verbs. Others are known as strong or irregular verbs- is obviously followed academically.

Here, my approach brings a clear cut method in form segregation.

I would say that there are five categories in verbs. They are,

REGULAR VERBS

SEMI REGULAR 1 VERBS

SEMI REGULAR 2 VERBS

SEMI REGULAR 3 VERBS

IRREGULAR VERBS

I.                    REGULAR VERBS

 Verbs of which present form past form and past participle are similar in spelling eg. put put put putting / spread spread spread spreading / cut cut cut cutting / set set set setting / hit hit hit hitting/ etc are known Regular verbs. Spellings in first three forms are regular, aren’t they? So, it is called in this approach regular verbs but it is called in world English pattern irregular verbs or strong verbs. No a very big volume of verbs is in this category. Let’s see them in a table.

present form	past form	past participle form	present participle form
put	put	put	putting
cut	cut	cut	cutting
let	let	let	letting
shut	shut	shut	shutting
spread	spread	spread	spreading
telecast	telecast	telecast	telecasting
broad cast	broad cast	broad cast	broad casting
cast	cast	cast	casting
hit	hit	hit	hitting
spit	spit	spit	spitting
split	split	split	splitting
slit	slit	slit	slitting

II.                 SEMI REGULAR 1 VERBS

Verbs of which past form and past participle forms are similar in spelling eg. talk talked talked talking / walk walked walked walking /cry cried cried crying / study studied studied studying / teach taught taught teaching / catch caught caught catching/ etc are known semi regular 1 verbs as two forms’ spellings are regular. But of this ‘ed’ ending is called regular verbs or weak verbs in world English pattern. There is a very big volume of verbs in this category. Let’s see them in a table.

Present form	Past form	Past participle form	Present participle form
talk	talked	talked	talking
walk	walked	walked	walking
open	opened	opened	opening
close	closed	closed	closing
cry	cried	cried	crying
study	studied	studied	studying
carry	carried	carried	carrying
bury	buried	buried	burying
teach	taught	taught	teaching
catch	caught	caught	catching
sleep	slept	slept	sleeping
think	thought	thought	thinking

SEMI REGULAR 1 can be divided as 3 sections such as ‘ed ending’, ‘ied ending’ and ‘solid ending’.

A)     SR 1…… ‘ed ending’

TALK WALK OPEN CLOSE KNOCK FINISH START RUB ERASE FACE BOWL BAT FIELD IRON PLAY MOVE etc are known  ‘ed ending’ as they end as‘ed’ in the suffix of past and past participle forms.

talk	talked	talked	talking
walk	walked	Walked	walking
open	opened	Opened	opening
close	closed	closed	opening
knock	knocked	Knocked	knocking

B)     SR 1…… ‘ied ending’

CRY STUDY CARRY BURY SPECIFY SIGNIFY TARIFY MODIFY etc are known ‘ied ending’ as they end as ‘ied’ in the suffix of past and past participle forms.

cry	cried	cried	crying
study	studied	studied	studying
carry	carried	carried	carrying
bury	buried	buried	burying
specify	specified	specified	specifying

C)     SR1 ….solid ending

            TEACH CATCH SLEEP THINK FIND BUY BRING STAND etc are known ‘solid ending’ as they do not end as said above but solidly in the suffix of the past and past participle forms.

teach	taught	taught	teaching
catch	caught	caught	catching
sleep	slept	slept	sleeping
think	thought	thought	thinking
find	found	found	finding

III.               SEMI REGULAR 2 VERBS

Verbs of which present form and past participle form are similar in spelling e.g. come came come coming / run ran run running / become became become becoming / etc are known semi regular 2 verbs as two forms’ spellings are regular. But it is called irregular verbs or strong verbs in world English pattern.  Only a few verbs are found in this category. See the table follows.

present form	past form	past participle form	present participle form
come	came	come	coming
run	ran	run	running
become	became	become	becoming
overcome	overcame	overcome	overcoming

IV.               SEMI REGULAR 3 VERBS

Verbs of which present form and past form are similar in spelling in present form e.g. beat beat beaten beating are known semi regular3 verbs as two forms’ spelling are regular. But it is called irregular or strong verbs in standard pattern. Rarely verbs are found in this category.

Present form	Past form	Past participle form	Present participle form
beat	beat	beatn	beating

V.                 IRREGULAR VERBS

Verbs of which forms are varying with each other among four forms e.g. write wrote written writing/ speak spoke spoken speaking / drive drove driven driving / go went gone going/ etc are known irregular verbs as spellings are seen irregular with each other. This is called the same in the world English pattern.  A very big volume of verbs can be found in this category.

present form	past form	past participle form	present participle form
write	wrote	written	writing
speak	spoke	spoken	speaking
drive	drove	driven	driving
go	went	gone	going
take	took	took	taking
swim	swam	swum	swimming
ring	rang	rung	ringing
sing	sang	sung	singing
wake up	woke up	woken up	waking up
give	gave	given	giving
draw	drew	drawn	drawing
see	saw	seen	seeing

VI.               CONCLUSION

REGULAR------------------------àsimilar spelling in present, past and past participle forms

SEMI REGULAR 1 -------------àsimilar spelling in past and past participle forms

                                                    [3 branches: ed ending, ied ending, solid ending]

SEMI REGULAR 2 -------------àsimilar spelling in present and past participle form

SEMI REGULAR 3--------------àsimilar spelling in present and past forms

IRREGULAR---------------------àeach form has different spelling

THE NEW PATTERN IS COMPARED TO STANDARD PATTERN

NEW PATTERN (MY PATTERN)	STANDRD PATTERN
REGULAR VERBS	IRREGULAR / STRONG VEBS
SEMI REGULAR 1 VERBS ‘ed’ ending ‘ied’ ending ‘Solid’ ending	REGULAR/WEAK VERBS IRREGULAR / STRONG VEBS IRREGULAR / STRONG VEBS
SEMI REGULAR 2 VERBS	IRREGULAR / STRONG VEBS
SEMI REGULAR 3 VERBS	IRREGULAR / STRONG VEBS
IRREGULAR VERBS	IRREGULAR / STRONG VEBS

VII.            EXERCISE

Read the following verbs given in the present form, write the subsequent forms and identify in which category every verb belongs to on both pattern.

pursue, create, abuse, return, seek, sorrow, predict, travel, stand, flee, leave, sit, put, am, fly, forbid, do, have, cost cut dream, deal dive, drive, meet, eat, drink, pick, burst, come, beat.

ANSWER: 

Present form	Past form	Past participle form	Present participle form	Category- Standard pattern	Category- New pattern*
pursue	pursued	pursued	pursuing	Regular(weak)	SR1‘ed’
create	created	created	creating	Regular(Weak)	SR1 ‘ed’
abuse	abused	abused	abusing	Regular(Weak)	SR1 ‘ed’
return	returned	returned	returning	Regular(Weak)	SR1 ‘ed’
seek	sought	sought	seeking	Irregular(Strong)	SR1 ‘solid’
sorrow	sorrowed	sorrowed	sorrowing	Regular(Weak)	SR1 ‘ed’
predict	predicted	predicted	predicting	Regular(Weak)	SR1 ‘ed’
travel	travelled	travelled	travelling	Regular(Weak)	SR1 ‘ed’
stand	stood	stood	standing	Irregular(Strong)	SR1 ‘solid’
flee	fled	fled	fleeing	Irregular(Strong)	SR1 ‘solid’
leave	left	left	leaving	Irregular(Strong)	SR1 ‘solid’
sit	sat	sat	sitting	Irregular(Strong)	SR1 ‘solid’
put	put	put	putting	Irregular(Strong)	R
am	was	been	being	Irregular(Strong)	IRR
fly	flew	flown	flying	Irregular(Strong)	IRR
forbid	forbade	forbidden	forbidding	Irregular(Strong)	IRR
do	did	done	doing	Irregular(Strong)	IRR
have	had	had	having	Irregular(Strong)	SR1 ‘solid’
cost	cost	cost	costing	Irregular(Strong)	R
cut	cut	cut	cutting	Irregular(Strong)	R
dream	dreamt	dreamt	dreaming	Irregular(Strong)	SR1 ‘solid’
deal	dealt	dealt	dealing	Irregular(Strong)	SR1 ‘solid’
dive	dived	dived	Diving	Regular(Weak)	SR1 ‘ed’
drive	drove	driven	Driving	Irregular(Strong)	IRR
meet	met	met	Meeting	Irregular(Strong)	SR1 ‘solid’
eat	ate	eaten	eating	Irregular(Strong)	IRR
drink	drank	drunk	drinking	Irregular(Strong)	IRR
pick	picked	picked	picking	Regular(Weak)	SR1 ‘ed’
burst	burst	burst	bursting	Irregular(Strong)	R
come	came	come	coming	Irregular(Strong)	SR 2
beat	beat	beaten	beating	Irregular(Strong)	SR 3

R                = Regular

SR1 ‘ed’    = Semi regular1 ‘ed’ ending

SR1 ‘ied’   = Semi regular2 ‘ied’ ending

SR1 ‘solid’= Semi regular solid ending

SR2           = Semi regular2

SR3           = Semi regular3

IRR           = Irregular

VIII.          APPENDIX

Sometimes some verbs like learn, dream, spell, get, forget, kneel etc would belong to more than one category. See the table follows.

Present form	Past form	Past Part.form	Present Part.form	category
learn	learned / learnt	learned / learnt	learning	SR1 ed / solid
dream	dreamed / dreamt	dreamed/ dreamt	dreaming	SR1 ed / solid
Spell	Spelled /spelt	Spelled /spelt	spelling	SR1 ed / solid
get	got	Got/gotten	getting	SR1solid /IRR
forget	forgot	Forgot/ forgotten	forgetting	SR1solid /IRR
kneel	Kneeled /knelt	Kneeled /knelt	kneeling	SR1 ed / solid

Thank you very much for your glancing here.

Author’s Address:

V.Mahendiran

Professor in English

The Director

MIMSE GLOBAL ENGLISH

Nagapattinam

Mobile: 9842490745

Mail: poigaimahi@gmail.com