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A message from the Author

 A message from the Author.

------------

I've written it earlier... Once again it's posted here for your glance!

⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️

Speaking in English (if you are a non native of English) is like doing by a batsman where to send the ball before it is bowled in cricket.

The thought what you want to speak to be done instantly in English instead of converting from your MT to English...!

Right...?

Send me your feedback...

Thanks.

MAHENDIRAN V

The Author.

FALSE NEWS BECOMES TRUTH. (A tiny story by the Author)

 FALSE NEWS BECOMES TRUTH. 

(A tiny story by the Author)

Peter knew that it was untrue. But he didn't show it of his face. 

Peter, Don't you believe? 

Yes,  I believe utterly. 

No you should have crossed as you do alway. - George. 

No, It is different. No way to counter. - Peter. 

Then why did you argue for my statements so far? 

Ha ha.., Most of them had looked unbelievable, but not this... 

How far do you believe it? -  George. 

Sorry, I couldn't weigh.. much more... 

Ok, At least now, Do you believe that I am not a liar? Asked George. 

Then.. You might be a liar but in this case. Replied Peter. 

Oh..  How do you put trust on me for this message I said you just now? 

Why do you go far away, George? I trust you that's all. 

Ok Peter.. I like you for your putting me trust on me... George nerved. 

It's ok, George.. 

Peter, Don't you have doubt and you can't suspect me for what I said to you? 

No, Why do I need to suspect? 

No, Peter...  Slightly your face looks that you are suspecting me.. 

 

George, Do you think that you're fault? 

Ha ha ha..  Peter, Not like that ... You who is always countering me believed my saying suddenly. So I'm surprised! 

My dear friend George, what you said Corona was walking on the street with hundred heads and thousand hands is absolutely right!

How is it absolutely right? - George. 

Only You have told, then you are asking me.. Are you mad? 

Cool down my dear friend..!  I just lied. - George 

No, You are absolutely right. Because the structure that you spoke is a metaphorical speech! - Peter. 

Is it..?  But I didn't think about it. I spoke just a conventional speech. George was surprised! 

Your lie has been taken by me a truth by of metaphor. I know that you have lied. Replied Peter. 

🌸 🌸 🌸 

MAHENDIRAN V

AUTHOR 

PREPOSITIONS- A NEW APPROACH

 PREPOSITION is a word that links two words in a sentence or phrase.

"I am living IN Nagapattinam"

"Is she going TO Chennai?"

"Where are you FROM?"

"Keep it INTO your pocket"

"English is spoken ACROSS the world BY millions OF People"

"One OF the pens is INSIDE the drawer OF my table located NEAR the wall mirror"

Capitalised above are prepositions.

Leading prepositions are, 

ON, IN, UNDER, NEAR, ACROSS, AROUND, ABOVE, BELOW, BETWEEN, INSIDE, OUTSIDE, INTO, ONTO, UP TO, TILL, ABOUT, OF, AT, AMONG, OVER, WITH, WITHIN, WITHOUT and so on.

We can't make sentences without contribution of PREPOSITIONS, so that the role of preposition is so important in the language.

PREPOSITON PHRASES are there in the language besides PREPOSITIONS.

Leading prepositions phrases are, 

ACCORDING TO

WITH A VIEW TO

BY VIRTUE OF

BY DINT OF

DUE TO

WITH REFERENCE TO

and so on.

These are used likely in simple sentences for wrapping a matter that may be expressed in a complex sentence.

"DUE TO heavy rain, the match was collapsed"

The complex sentence -"As it rained heavily, the match was collapsed" has been wrapped as a simple sentence by using the prepositional phrase DUE TO.

This is the main advantage of PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES.

-----------

MAHENDIRAN V

ARTICLES - A NEW APPROACH

 ARTICLES

There are 3 words in the language.

A

An

THE

These are called ARTICLES. They just denote some nouns or noun phrase.

‘A’ and ‘AN’ are called INDEFINITE ARTICLES while the remains ‘THE’ is called DEFINITE ARTICLE.

A boy (any boy) INDEFINITE

An Institution (any institution) INDEFINITE

The boy (the particular boy) DEFIITE

The Institution (the particular Institution) DEFINITE

In Indefinite, 

‘A’ is used before a word that starts a consonant sound and ‘AN’ is used before a word that begins a vowel sound.

The same thing happens in Definite article.

‘THE’ is used and pronounced as "DHA' when it is used before a word that begins a consonant sound, while it sounds as "DHI" when it appears before a word that begins a vowel sound.

How to identify the place whether one is indefinite or definite..?

"I saw a man with an umbrella in his hand. the man was struggling with the umbrella to fold it.

A boy came and helped THE man. In ending the boy asked the man where he was from.

the man replied that he was an MLA of a constituency."

Take care of using indefinite articles before a word that may not begin with vowel letter but vowel sound 

AN MLA (EMELYAE), 

AN MD (EMDEE)

AN HOUR (AUR)

Sometimes, some vowel letters might not give vowel sound. 

A UNIT (YOONIT)

A EUROPEAN (YOOROPEAN)

A EUCALYPTUS TREE (YOOKOLIPTAS)

-----------

MAHENDIRAN V

ADVERBS - INTRODUCTION

 ADVERB is a word that amplifies a verb's action. 

One that looks like an answer to the Questions HOW, WHERE, WHEN will be an adverb.

Quality of action is the answer to HOW. That is called ADVERB OF QUALITY.

Place where an action goes is ADVERB OF PLACE.

Time when an action goes on is ADVERB OF TIME.

Some other adverbs are there like FREQUENCY, EFFECT. 

Answer to the Questions HOW OFTEN/HOW LONG/HOW FAR will be ADVERB OF FREQUENCY. 

Answer to the questions WHY/FOR WHAT will be an ADVERB OF EFFECT.

Of these, only ADVERB OF QUALITY is known as ABSOLUTE ADVERB while others are just a part time adverbs.

ADVERB OF QUALITY likely end in spelling as "........ly" except some words like ALONE SPEED FAST and so on

Eg.

I finished the job correctly.

He came here alone.

They bowl always fast.

You must know fundamentally to drive a car.

Intelligently he has answered.

ADVERB OF QUALITY can be placed anywhere such as subjective or predicative.

Surely I will come.

I will surely come.

I will come surely.

-----------

MAHENDIRAN V

 IDIOMS. 

The best collections. (Recommended  for CBSE Students)               Price: Rs. 150

Author

V. MAHENDIRAN 

Visiting Professor in English

Mobile 91-9842490745 

poigaimahi@gmail.com

mimseglobalenglish.blogspot.com 

PREFACE: Idioms is a figure of speech. 

Some standard structures are in the English language. Those structures would say a meaning that is entire different to the literal meaning. 

'The ship gets some jolting"

Seeing literally, a ship that sails on a sea is not comfortably sailing, isn't it?. That could be a literal meaning. The hidden meaning is, one's life is not so comfortable in survival. 

This is called Idiomatic structure. 

It's not a matter who should speak and write in this way, if you are desiring to handle the English language rhythmically, you could do. 

V.MAHENDIRAN 

Let's see some familiar idioms that are used across the world.

 I bet you are right　"You told me that she’s not easygoing. I bet you are right."

 I can never thank you enough　"You help me deal with that difficult problem. I can never thank you enough."

 I can't believe my eye　"I can’t believe my eye. Your room is so neat!"

 I don't buy your story　"I don’t buy your story. I’ll find the truth by myself."

 In one’s shoes/place/stead　"Anyone in her shoes would have made the same decision."

 I feel the call of nature　

"I feel the call of nature. Where’s the bathroom?"

 I give you my word　

"I give you my word. What I said is totally true."

 I haven't got the foggiest (idea)　"I haven’t got the foggiest ideawhat he meant."

 I know what I'm doing　"I know what I’m doing. Please don’t disturb."

 I like the way you have　"I like the way you have. Be more confident of yourself."

 I lost you　"I lost you. Could you explain it again, please?"

 I love her something fierce　"Why didn’t Ann come? Did you two break up?"" Don’t be silly! I love her something fierce."

 I may be psychic　"To a greater or lesser extent I may be psychic and have accurately predicted things or picked up on things which were not apparent."

 I mean what I say　"I meant what I said earlier. I wouldn’t give up the contract easily."

 I must be in love　"Why am I in such a good mood lately? I must be in love."

 I was behind my paper correcting　"Oops! I was behind my paper correcting. The due day of grading is around the corner. I have to hurry up with my paper correcting."

 I was fooled by the terms　"I was fooled by the terms. I think I’d better ask someone else."

 I was starved to death　"I was starved to death. Mom, is the dinner ready?"

 I won't take no for an answer　"You have no choice. I won't take no for an answer."

 I would appreciate it　"Dear, please turn off your noisy radio. I will appreciate it."

 I'd enjoy the/one’s company　"It’s great that Sue is coming. I’d enjoy the/her company."

 I'll be right over　"Tell them that I will be right overafter finishing my work."

 I'll be right with you　"Please have a seat. I’ll be right with you."

 I (will) bet…　"I bet he dare not go to see the horrible film."

 I'll give it to you straight　"I’ll give it to you straight. The love letter is written by me."

 I'll go a couple of rounds with you　"I'll go a couple of rounds with you. Do your best."

 I'll have him call you　"My brother isn’t at home now. I’ll have him call you later."

 I'll heed your words　"I’ll heed your words. Don’t worry."

 I'll say　"Was there a big argument in the meeting last night?""I’ll say."

 I'll see to it　"I got your mail. I’ll see to it."

 I'll see you home　"It’s too late now. I’ll see you home."

 I'll take a chance　"My teacher encourages me to go for the TOEFL test, so I’ll take a chance with it."

 I'll take a rain check on that/something　"I have a headache now. Can I take a rain check on your invitation to the concert?"

 I'll/I tell you what　"I'll tell you what, it's a wonder Elise didn't have a heart attack when she got that bill."

 I'll/I tell you what　"I tell you what- let’s have a picnic in the park."

 I'm afraid you got the wrong number　"May I speak to Mr. Smith?" "Sorry, I’m afraid you got the wrong number."

 I'm all for it　"Your project is very brilliant- I’m all for it."

I'm beat　"I’m beat after the marathon race."

 In one's hands　"The itinerary of our tour is completely in Christine's hands."

 I'm getting so big　"From the fifth month onwards, I can't believe I’m getting so big."

 I'll be hanged if...　"I’ll be hanged if I have ever lied and cheated on you."

 I'm not broke　"My finances are low, but I’m not broke. I can still spend small portions of my money for a little fun sometimes."

 I'm not myself today　"Please excuse me; I want to take a leave, as I’m not myself today."

 I'm still in shock　" I’m still in shock two weeks after the car accident."

 I've got to run　"Oh my gosh, it is already so late; I’ve got to run."

 If it's all right with you　"Could you open the window if it’s all right with you?"

 Immediate family　"The presence of his immediate family is obviously having a claiming effect on him."

 In a jam　"We are really in a jam because we don't have enough money to pay the bill."

 In a jiffy　"I’ll be with you in a jiffy."

 In a lousy mood　"John’s cat got lost last night, so he’s in a lousy mood now."

 In a nutshell　"Well, to put it in a nutshell, you did a great job."

 In one ear and out the other, go　"Their advice to her just went in one ear and out the other."

 In due time/course　"In due time we'll discuss the details of this arrangement."

 In for a treat, be　"Check this program out. You will be in for a treat."

 In full charge of　"Tom’s performance in the company is outstanding. Within a short period, he is in full charge of the personnel department."

 In good condition/shape　"Make sure the old car is in good condition before you drive it."

 In hot water　"Those e-mails complaining about your boss can land you in hot water."

 In no time　"I tucked myself into the blanket and fell asleep in no time."

 In one's line　"Victor plays basketball so well. I think basketball is in his line."

 In short　"In short, in this meeting we have to decide whether we should change the way we do business."

 In short order　"He was able to deal with unexpected problems in short order."

 In spite of oneself　"He was carried away by the splendid performance in spite of himself."

 In that get-up　"It’s not appropriate to work in that get-up."

 In the dark　"I'm totally in the dark about the plan."

 In the eyes of somebody　"In the eyes of Jack, breakfast is necessary."

 In the hole　"We're in the hole - every year our revenues grow more slowly than our costs."

 In the long run　"Good management in the long run brought profits to the company."

 In the offering　"The following is the list of courses in the offering."

 In the pen　"The convict was in the pen for more than ten years."

 In the pink　"It was almost a miracle that after his bout with pneumonia, he was back in the pink of health."

 In the roar of laughter　"The movie was very funny and hilarious; the audiences were in the roar of laughter."

 In the soup　"She mailed all the checks with the wrong postage, and now she's really in the soup."

 In turn(s)　"Someone must be awake at all times, so let's sleep in turns."

 In/on behalf of　" On behalf of his late father, Tom gave a speech to his colleagues on Thanksgiving Day."

 Ineligible for, be　"Temporary workers are ineligible for the pension scheme."

 Inferiority complex　"Atlanta is on a massive ego trip, mixed with a congenital inferiority complex that makes its citizens overly eager to impress others."

 Information bureau　"Brenda is our information bureau in our department; nothing escapes her eagle eye."

 Innocent kid, an　"Ten years ago I was still an innocent kid with so many hopes and dreams."

 Inside dope　"The television station obtained the most potent piece of inside dope of the election: a letter that proved the canditate's intention of bribery ."

 Installment plan　"He bought his new car on the installmentplan."

 Intensive course　"The intensive course is about twelve weeks."

 Is someone in, please?　

" Is Frank in, please?" "He just phoned and said he would be a bit late for work today."

 Is my face red?　"Stop embarrassing me with those silly romances back in the high school. Is my face red?"

 Is this seat taken?　"Excuse me. Is this seat taken?" "No. You can take it."

 Isn't it ever?　"Misfortune never comes singly.""Isn’t it ever?"

 Isn't it though?　"This restaurant is great.""Isn’t it though?"

 Isn't my word good enough?　"Isn’t my word good enough to stand guarantee for his character?"

 It costs sb. a small fortune　"It cost me a small fortune to renovate my house."

 It isn't cricket　"It is not cricket for a sportsman to behave in such manners."

 It never rains but it pours　" Linda first spilled the milk at the breakfast table and messed up her dress. Then when she arrived school, she found out she left her textbooks at home. How true the saying that it never rains but it pours was."

 It was your fault　"Since it was your fault, you should bear the consequences."

 It will be just the thing　"We roamed the flea market; we found an antique table which would be just the thing for our living room."

 It would really come in handy　"That key will really come in handy if you lock yourself out."

 It's a piece of cake　"It’s a piece of cake for Sylvester to solve the problems of the mathematic."

 It's about time you start thinking ahead　"Now that you are going to graduate, it’s about time you start thinking ahead."

 It's been reserved　"May I have the table near the windows? " " I am sorry. It's been reserved. Would you mind sitting at the table against the wall?"

 It's all Greek to me　"I feel so bored in the chemistry class. What the teacher taught is all Greek to me."

 It's nice you survived　"The Tsunami killed millions of people. It is nice you survived."

 It's none of your business　"Don’t try to poke your nose into their marriage; it is none of your business."

 It's on me　"Since you are so kind to help me out, this dinner is on me as a token of thanks."

 It's only to find out　"He made an inquiry to the travel agency, just to find out the rates of group tours."

(Courtesy to CBJ) 

COPY RIGHTS RESERVED BY THE AUTHOR 

V. MAHENDIRAN M.A.,MA.,ETL,TFL, 

FOUNDER 

MIMSE GLOBAL ENGLISH

MAHENDIRAA PUBLICATIONS 

NAGAPATTINAM 

Mobile 91-9842490745 

poigaimahi@gmail.com 

mimseglobalenglish.blogspot.com 

GRAMMAR VOICES, TENSES and STATEMENTS. AUTHOR: V.MAHENDIRAN,

 GRAMMAR 

VOICES, TENSES and STATEMENTS. 

AUTHOR: V.MAHENDIRAN,  

FOUNDER, MIMSE GLOBAL ENGLISH NAGAPATTINAM MOBILE :9842490745 MAIL: poigaimahi@gmail.com           Blog: mimseglobalenglish.blogspot.com 

PREFACE 

As a preface, It is said that the core area in English is VTS. 

What is VTS? 

Just VOICE, TENSE and STATEMENT is the expansion of it. 

Giving importance to this is important or not  is not a matter but  a learner, likely beginners have to know the structures. 

The structures are based on a voice, a tense and a statement is needless to say.  Thus It has been written by me as a lesson for all age group. 

For, eg, 

"Bring your files" is in the active voice, simple present and Imperative statement, isn't it? 

Has the door been closed?" is in the passive voice, present perfect tense and Specific Question of Interrogative statement. 

Likewise, Here, 2 Voices, 20 tenses and about 10 types of statements have been drilled as a new approach. 

Just have a glance, and send your feedback perhaps having any clarification. 

Thanking you. 

V.MAHENDIRAN 

AUTHOR 

I.  WHAT IS VOICE?

Voice is a configuration that expresses an idea. There are two voices such as, active and passive. Any statement in any tense can exist on both voices but it depends on the situation about what we are to talk.

Likely passive voice tends in very formal writing as well as in highly standard speaking.

The aptitude of English language users is valued of their usage of passive structures in their writing and speaking though active voice is used normally.

Which voice to be preferred is determined not according to a speaker, but the situation what one speaks. Although a matter can be spoken / written on both voices, only a certain voice is on top form for a situation. 

Instead of forming ‘How is your father calling you?’ in active, a good speaker would not form as How are you being called by your father? in passive, as it is unusual though grammatically right.

Likewise, instead of forming ‘Was it dispatched?’ In passive, ‘Did you dispatch it?’ is not formed by a good speaker in active because of situation, though both are grammatically right. Therefore, voice is preferred for situation; dont think that this is an exercise. Once again it is said that its not an exercise that changing active to passive or passive to active but should practice the conversion for forming structures frequently.

Active voice

Passive voice

When did you finish your U.G?

When was your U.G finished by you?

Are you all right?

--------impossible  due to intransitive--------------

You will surely defeat them.

They will be surely defeated by you.

Is there anybody waiting for me?

 ---------impossible due to intransitive------------                  

Is there anybody looking for me?

Am I being looked for by anybody there?

As above any tense can be structured on both voices; perhaps being intransitive that cannot be done; gather up more details in what is tense

Note:

What happens when active is changed into passive?

Subject in active voice changes an object in passive.

Object in active acts as a subject in passive.

Only past participle form tends in passive.

Individual rule is observed in using auxiliaries on both voices.

Intransitives are not made in passive.

Some tenses are not often used in passive, see the lesson tense analysis

However, Voice changing will never change the meaning at any cost.

In active voice, subject deals an object through a combination of auxiliary and verb form according to the rule assigned (see the table of active voice rule- formulae of tenses in what is tense?). In transitive statement object would exist. Object wouldnt exist in intransitive statement.

Ragu comes (Intransitive)

Ragu reads the chart (Transitive)

We are Indians (Intransitive) 

We agree your statement (Transitive)

In passive voice, subject is dealt by an object through a combination of auxiliary and verb form according to the rule assigned (see the table of passive voice rule -formulae of tenses in what is tense?). Only past participle form is used in all tenses. Structure which contains object is known as personal passive, objectless is called impersonal passive.

All are appreciated (Impersonal)

This department is handled by Mr.Vinith 

-----------------------------------------------------------------

II. WHAT IS TENSE?

Tense is a rule that expressing an idea to mean the time of an action for which one speaks. There are twelve tenses called BASIC TENSES. They are,

Simple present tense,

Present perfect tense, 

Present continuous tense, 

Present perfect continuous tense, 

Simple past tense,

Past perfect tense, 

Past continuous tense, 

Past perfect continuous tense,

Future tense, 

Future perfect tense,

Future continuous tense,

Future perfect continuous tense.

In addition, eight more tenses, called ADDITIONAL TENSES. They are analysed here profusely for the sake your being away from confusion in distinguishing auxiliaries, modals and verbs. Academically, only 12 tenses are taught, the following 8 are merged among the 12. In this approach, you learn basic= 12 and additional=8. 

Do remember it is numbered consequently here.

Pure present tense,

Pure past tense,

Additional present tense,

Additional past tense,

Additional present continuous tense,

Additional past continuous tense,

Future in the past tense,

Future in the past continuous tense.

The formulae of tenses

Active voice

TENSE

PERSON

AUXILIARY

VERB FORM

Simple present

I, We, You ,They

He, She, It

do

does

Present form

Present perfect

I, We, You ,They

He, She, It

have

has

Past participle form

Present continuous

I

He She, it

we you they

am

is

are

Present participle form

Present perfect continuous

I, We, You ,They

He, She, It

have been

has been

Present participle form

Simple past

All 

did

Present form

Past perfect

All 

had

Past participle form

Past continuous

I ,He, she, It

We, You, They

was

were

Present participle form

Past perfect continuous

All 

had been

Present participle form

Future 

All 

will/ shall

Present form

Future perfect

All

will have/ shall have

Past participle form

Future continuous

All

will be/shall be

Present participle form

Future perfect continuous

All

will have been / shall have been

Present participle form

Pure present

I

He, She, It

We, you, They

-No auxiliary is used-

am 

is 

are

Pure past

I, He, She, It

We, You, They

-No auxiliary is used-

was 

were

Additional present

All 

may/can/might/could/would/should/must

Ought to

Present form

Additional past

might/could/would

Present form

Additional present continuous

All 

maybe/can be/might be/could be/would be/should be/must be/ought to be

Present participle

Additional past continuous

All 

might be/could be/would be

Present participle

Future in the past

All 

might have/could have/would have/should have/must have/ought to have

Past participle

Future in the past continuous

All 

might have been/could have been/would have been/should have been/must have been/ought to have been

Present participle

Passive voice

TENSE

PERSON

AUXILIARY

VERB FORM

Simple present

I

He she it

we you they

am

is

are

Past participle form

Present perfect

I, We, You ,They

He, She, It

have been

has been

        ,,

Present continuous

I

He she it

We you they

am being

is being

are being

        ,,

Present perfect continuous

I, We, You ,They

He, She, It

have been being **

has been being

        ,,

Simple past

I he she It

We you they

was

were

        ,,

Past perfect

All 

had been

        ,,

Past continuous

I he she it

We you they

was being

were being

        ,,

Past perfect continuous

All 

had been being **

        ,,

Future

All 

will be / shall be

        ,,

Future perfect

All

will have been/ shall have been

        ,,

Future continuous

All

will be being /shall be being **

        ,,

Future perfect continuous

All

will have been being/ shall have been being **

        ,,

Pure present

-intransitive-------

-------------- intransitive--------------

 ----------------------       

Pure past

-intransitive-------

-------------- intransitive--------------

  ---------------------      

Additional present

All 

maybe/can be/might be/could be/would be/should be/must be

ought to be

Past participle form    

Additional past

Might be/could be/would be

         ,,

Additional present continuous

All 

Maybe being/can be being/might be **

being/could be being/would be being/should be being/must be being/ought to be

 being

         ,,

Additional past continuous

All 

might be being/could be being/would be being

                                                                   **

         ,,

Future in the past

All 

might have been/could have been/would have been/should have been/must have been/ought to have been

         ,,

Future in the past continuous

All 

might have been being/could have been being/would have been being/should have been being/must have been being/ought to have been being                     **

         ,,

According to the formula, shall we activate a model sentence in all tenses?

ACTIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

I (do) write a letter

A letter is written by me

I have written a letter

A letter has been written by me

I am writing a letter

A letter is being written by me

I have been writing a letter

A letter has been being written by me  **

I did write a letter/i wrote a letter

A letter was written by me

I had written a letter

A letter had been written by me

I was writing a letter

A letter was being written by me

I  had been writing a letter

A letter had been being written by me  **

I will write a letter

A letter will be written by me

I will have written a letter

A letter will have been written by me

I will be writing a letter

A letter will be being written by me  **

I will have been writing a letter

A letter will have been being written by me  **

See another model is taken for additional tenses.

ACTIVE VOICE

           PASSIVE VOICE

I am a student

---------impossible due to intransitive ••

I was in Singapore during the tsunami struck.

---------impossible due to intransitive ••

I may/can/might/could/would/should/must/ought to/write a letter

 A letter may be/can be/might be/could be/would be/should be/must be/ought to be/written by me

I might/could/would/write a letter

A letter might be/could be/would be/written by me

I may be/can be/might be/could be/would be/should be/must be/ought to be/writing a letter

A letter may be being/can be being/might be being/could be being/would be being/should be being/must be being/ought to be being/written by me **

I might be/could be/would be/writing a letter

A letter might be being/could be being/would be being written by me **

I might have/could have/would have/should have/must have/ought to have/written a letter

A letter might have been/could have been/would have been/should have been/must have been/ought to have been/written by me

I  might have been/could have been/would have been/should have been/must have been/ought to have been/writing a letter

A letter might have been being /could have been being /would have been being /should have been being /must have been being /ought to have been being /written by me **

[Note:  ** Marked tenses are not often used according to the British pattern due to the adjacent presence of be forms ( be being or been being)

•• Intransitive means the sentence does not have an object so it is impossible to form in passive.]

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WHERE AND WHEN TO USE WHICH TENSE

Simple present tense- is used to mean a regular action and present action

Present perfect tense- is used to mean an action completed but not expired

Present continuous tense- is used to mean an action going on, goes on and will go on

Present perfect continuous tense- is used to mean an action started earlier and still going on 

Simple past tense- is used to mean an action completed

Past perfect tense- is used to mean an action completed and expired 

Past continuous tense- is used to mean the duration of an action completed

Past perfect continuous tense- is used to mean an action started earlier and was going on for a certain time and stopped in the past time.

Future tense- is used to pledge or plan for a future action

Future perfect tense- is used to mean a strong assurance for a future action

Future continuous tense- is used to mean the duration of the action of a future matter

Future perfect continuous tense- is used to mean an action which starts in future for a continuous action

Pure present tense- is used to say ones present position/ status/ place

Pure past tense- is used to say ones past position/ status/ place

Additional present tense- is used to mean an action for future distance possibility/rare ability/assumption/frequent ability/regular habitual/advisable manner

Additional past tense- is used to mean an action for its past assumption/past ability/past pledge

Additional present continuous tense- is used to mean the same as additional present tense and with giving importance to the duration of the action.

Additional past continuous tense- is used to mean the same as additional past tense and with giving importance to the duration of the action.

Future in the past tense- is used to mean an action what occurred in past time but for a reverse angle.

Future in the past continuous tense- is used to mean the same as above and with giving importance to the duration of the action.

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III. WHAT IS STATEMENT?

Statement is also a structure of sentence to express an Idea, which answers, questions, orders, or exclaims. Feelings and thoughts are delivered through a language in a number of textual structures for his distributing or sharing Ideas. Such ideas are expressed in several ways as follows. 

There are many types of statements in our approach; confirm the symbols that are given in the brackets.

Positive answer (+ve)

Negative answer         (-ve)

Question to subject (?/S)

Question to verb (?/V)

Question to object (?/O)

Question to adverbs/complement/indirect object (?/Adv/C/I.O)

Positive Specific question “ (?/SP1)

Negative specific question (?/SP2)

Positive tag question (?/T1)

Negative tag question (?/T2)

Positive Imperative •

Negative Imperative

Exclamatory !

A speaker can express his / her views by any of these statements for the situation. Each can be framed on both voices at any tense except Imperative, because such can only be framed in the simple present tense but on both voices. Exclamatory is structured likely in present and past families, others can be done for all tenses on both voices. 

See an affirmative is promoted into all statements here, also be known formula for each statement follows for simple present tense in active voice.

Active voice/ Simple present tense/ All statements

(+ve)  I (do) write a letter S  AUX   V   O

s aux   v          o

(-ve) I dont write a letter  S    N.AUX   V   O

(?/S) Who does write a letter?  INT  AUX   V   O?

(?/V) What do you do a letter?  INT  AUX   S   V   O?

(?/O) What do you write?    INT   AUX   S   V?

(?/Adv/C/I.O) How do you write a letter? / whre do you write a letter? / Whom do you write a  letter?    INT   AUX   S   V   O?

(?/SP1) Do you write a leter?  AUX   S   V   O?

(?/SP2) Dont you write a letter?    N.AUX    S    V    O?

(?/T1) You do write a letter, dont you?    S   AUX   V   O, N.AUX   S?

(?/T2) You dont write a letter, do you?    S   N.AUX   V   O,   AUX   S?    

() (Please) Write a letter.                          V   O

() (Please) Dont write a letter.                N.AUX   V   O

(!) What a fantastic letter you have written!  WHAT   ARTICLE   ADJECTIVE   NOUN  S   AUX   V!

Passive voice/ simple present tense/ All statements

(+ve)A letter is written by me   S  AUX   V   O

S      aux   v           o  

(-ve) A letter is not written by me    S    N.AUX   V   O

(?/S) What is written by you?          INT   AUX   V   O?

(?/V) What is a letter done by you? INT   AUX   S   V   O?

(?/O) By whom is a letter written? INT   AUX   S   V?

(?/Adv/C/I.O) How is a letter written? / where is a letter written? / Whom is a letter written?                                                                             INT   AUX   S   V   O?

(?/SP1) Is a letter written by you?        AUX   S   V   O?

(?/SP2) Isnt a letter written by you ?         N.AUX    S    V    O?

(?/T1) A letter is written by you, isnt It?    S   AUX   V   O, N.AUX   S?

(?/T2) A letter isnt written by you, is It?      S   N.AUX   V   O,   AUX   S?    

() (Please)Let a letter be written.         LET  O    BE      V

() (Please) Let not a letter be written.         LET NOT   O   BE    V

(!) What a fantastic letter is written by you! 

WHAT   ARTICLE   ADJECTIVE   NOUN   AUX   V   O!

Lets activate an affirmative made in present continuous tense as a model work into all statements (+ve to ?/T2) on both voices

+ve: Sheela is playing key board sweetly

Key board is being played by sheela sweetly

-ve:  Sheela is not playing Key board sweetly

Key board is not being played by sheela sweetly

?/S : Who is playing key board sweetly?

By whom is key board being played sweetly? 

?/V : What is Sheela doing key board sweetly?

What is key board being done by sheela sweetly?

?/O:  What is sheela playing sweetly?

What is being played by sheela sweetly?

?/Adv:  How is Sheela playing Key board?

How is key board being played by sheela?

?/SP1:  Is Sheela playing Key board sweetly?

Is key board being played by sheela sweetly?

?/SP2: Isnt Sheela playing key board sweetly?

Isnt key board being played sheela sweetly?

?/T1: Sheela is playing key board sweetly, isnt She?

Key board is being played by sheela sweetly, isnt It?

?/T2: Sheela isnt playing key board sweetly, is she?

Key board isnt being played by sheela sweetly, is It?

Note:

Let it be listened, Just the exercises have been practiced in Simple present and present continuous tenses, we can observe for all tenses on both voices in the lesson named Statement promotion tense wise”

If any clarification, please dail 9842490745 or 6380406625

V.MAHENDIRAN 

AUTHOR 

7 TIPS TO POLISH YOURSELF BE GOOD IN ENGLISH

7 TIPS TO POLISH YOURSELF BE GOOD IN ENGLISH

By

MAHENDIRAN V

------------------------------

Writing your daily activities every day in English shall make you improve very much in your English skills.

Hear what your colleagues are speaking in Tamil. Just make them in English yourself. 

No other skills can defeat the reading skill to catch vocabulary and dialects. So, Read everyday at least a page in an English newspaper.

(Numberless people who were nonnative of Tamil have learned Tamil only by reading a leading Tamil newspaper 'Daily Thanthi')

Watching Tamil movies along with subtitles in English is a very good method to learn English. (Double gains in a single activity).

Reading comics stories in English shall help you to make sentences in English for your thoughts. 

Make friends the guys who are speaking in English, and chat with them in English as a routine duty.

Browse for English newspapers published in English speaking countries, and read them. It's easy in today's digital world. You will surely realise how English is matching and varying with our own dialects.

MAHENDIRAN V

MAHENDIRAN GLOBAL ENGLISH NORTHPOIGAINALLUR NAGAPATTINAM TAMILNADU INDIA MOBILE 9842490745

ADJECTIVES - A NEW APPROACH

 ADJECTIVE 

Is a word that describes quality of a noun, placing before or placing after a ‘be’ form verb. 

“She is a BEAUTIFUL girl"

“She is BEAUTIFUL"

BEAUTIFUL is an adjective here. It is describing the girl's quality.

First one is ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE and the second one is PREDICATE ADJECTIVE.

Another one position is there, that is called POST POSITIVE POSITION.

"Kamarajar THE GREAT was genius and honest in politics"

This position is used rarely in the language. (Likely all adjectival subordinate clauses are known as this position.) 

Anyway, an adjective can function in three positions.

Attributive position - placing before a noun.

Predicate position - placing after a 'be' form verb in pure present or past tense. 

Post positive position – after a noun and before a verb

‘ATTRIBUTIVE’ position, this is very important.

SMART BOY

MINI SKIRT 

ROYAL FAMILY

INTELLIGENT PERSON

POOR MAN

RICH WOMAN

CRITICAL STATUS

FREQUENT ABILITY

TOUGH QUESTION

EXAMINATION HALL

HALL SUPERVISOR

SUPERVISOR ROLE

GOOD BOOK 

BOOK STALL 

STALL ITEMS

RUNNING RACE

RACE CAR

CAR DRIVER

DRIVER DUTY

DUTY DOCTOR

DOCTOR'S ROOM

ROOM MATE 

SPOKEN ENGLISH

ENGLISH TEACHER

TEACHER JOB

JOB SEEKER

DRIVING LICENCE

LICENCE HOLDER

Of these, the first word in each is ADJECTIVE. It describes the status or quality of the second word that is noun. 

As the adjective in each set is placed before the noun, it is called ATTRIBUTIVE POSITION.

Many varieties are there in this position. 

1. Standard adjective

2. Noun adjective

3. Past participle adjective

4. Present participle adjective

5. Definite/Demonstrative adjective

6. Indefinite adjective

7. Possessive adjective

1. Standard Adjective means, a stamped mark adjective. Only this is called ADJECTIVE in the parts of speech whereas other types belong to other parts of speech.

This type adjective ends in ...al,.....ive, .......ous, ......nt, .....full.

NATURAL scene

ACTIVE person

MISCELLANEOUS file

CONSTANT idea

BEAUTIFUL bungalow

The feature of this type of adjective is that, only it can be used in ATTRIBUTIVE and PREDICATE positions whereas other types cannot be used.

2. Noun adjective means that a noun can describe a noun adjacently.

ENGLISH teacher

ROOM mate

CLASS room

ELECTION booth 

(See a noun describes a noun, it’s also called an attributive noun)

3. Past participle adjective means that a past participle form of verb can describe the quality of a noun.

SPOKEN English

BROKEN pieces

CLOSED file

SENTENCED accused

RESERVED seat

4. Present participle adjective means that a present participle form of a verb can be an adjective.

SPEAKING toy

RUNNING race

SWIMMING pool

SMOKING room

LISTENING skills

DRIVING license

5. Definite or Demonstrative adjective means that some definite pronouns can be an adjective.

THAT boy

THESE persons

THOSE students

THIS guy

SUCH matter

6. Indefinite adjective means that some indefinite pronouns can be an adjective.

SOME boys

A FEW members

ANY person

ALL participants

MANY voters

7. Possessive adjective means that some possessive nouns/pronouns can be an adjective.

COLLECTOR'S bungalow

PETER'S purse, PEOPLE'S money, MY name, OUR village, 

YOUR country, HIS idea, HER hair, ITS tail, THEIR team

(MY OUR YOUR HIS HER ITS THERE ARE also called possessive adjectives)

Note: Other positions can carry only standard adjectives.

MAHENDIRAN V                              AUTHOR  91-9842490745

Founder: MAHENDIRAN GLOBAL ENGLISH NORTHPOIGAINALLUR NAGAPATTINAM